The US Political System: A View from the Confused UK>

I currently reside in the UK, but lived in the US for much of my life. Many Brits I know or have overheard in pubs find the US political system extremely confusing. Trump's attack on Iran has prompted new questions about it; notably his ability to start a war without the approval of the so-called representatives of the people: Congress. OK, I know Brits find other things American confusing, like baseball and American football, just as most Americans find cricket, rugby, and FIFA football confusing. As George Bernard Shaw put it, "The English and the Americans are two great peoples separated by a common language." 

Brits are expressing their confusion about US politics more often in the Trumpian Era, because Trump is in the UK news 24/7. Many of the Brits' comments since November 2024 relate to the question, How did the US "elect" such a despicable charlatan twice? What about learning from experience? Why can't they get rid of him? An American could reply, "Hey, UK voters made another charlatan, Boris Johnson, prime minister." That's true, but there is this difference: when enough people in the UK realized what a bloviating, bullshitting, devious narcissist Johnson was, they sent him packing. His own party did, in fact, responding to angry public opinion. In fact, the Tories got rid of four PMs in 14 years. The voters turned out a fifth in 2024. That's one advantage the parliamentary system has over the presidential system. Prime ministers serve at the pleasure of the party in power. The party in power can jettison their leader at any time, if they become sufficiently toxic to the voters. Presidents serve fixed terms. It is extremely difficult if not impossible to get rid of one before the next election, no matter how incompetent or vile.

The Conservatives (Tories) allowed their members to pick Johnson's successor. The members tend to be extreme in their views, and opt for candidates with extreme views -- and limited ability. That made Liz Truss the perfect choice. She managed to nearly destroy the UK economy in just a few weeks. Tory MPs could not get her out the door fast enough. 

Back to the UK view of US politics. The most common question after the 2016 election was, Why didn't Hilary Clinton get elected? She got 3 million more votes than Trump did. In order to answer that question, I had to try to explain role of the Electoral College in presidential elections. Despite its name, it has no connection with education, much less wisdom. Have you ever tried to explain the English Wars of the Roses to glassy-eyed, hungover undergraduates? I have. I don't recommend it. 

I have explained to astonished British listeners how the Founding Fathers created the Electoral College to prevent the US from becoming a democracy. I must add many Americans are also astonished to learn that the Founders were opposed to democracy. The Founders feared that the "people" would elect some nut who would threaten "property," including human property. The EC, you see, does not represent the "people." It represents the states, each of which has a certain number of "electoral" votes, based on their population.  

Three times in US history presidential candidates who lost the popular vote have become president, because they got a majority of electoral votes. The most recent time was in 2016, when the Electoral College assured the "election" of a nut who wants to restore slavery and admires Hitler. Trump still claims he won the popular vote in 2016, just as he continues to claim he won the 2020 election, not Biden.

Yes, the Founding Fathers wanted a republic but not a democracy. And they are not the same thing. A country can be a democratic republic. It can be an undemocratic republic. It can also be a democratic monarchy, like the UK and quite a few European countries. The monarchs in these countries have no real power. They are titular heads of state. 

Of course, all this was not enough to explain what enabled Trump's rise to power, or why he remains there despite his incompetent and criminal behavior. There were many more questions to answer.

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What is to be Done? (to Save US Democracy)

If they wish to save democracy, the leadership of the Democratic Party must start actually leading, showing more (some?) courage and genuine outrage, and never compromising with authoritarians.

The Trump administration violates the law and constitution on a daily basis. The argument that as the minority party Democrats are helpless is bogus. The Republicans have never been helpless when in the minority. They have used every mechanism possible, fair and foul, to stop, slow down, amend, and derail Democratic measures. 

Democrats, at least the leaders and corporate Dems, have been too nice. They are playing by the rules of a game their opponents have changed beyond recognition. The old game is over. If the leaders of the Democrats can't lead, they should get out of the way. Only radical action can impede Trump. Democrats must stop cooperating with him and his henchpeople. Do not vote for any Republican measures that advance his authoritarian agenda.

To be worthy of their name, Democrats must join with other  democratically minded people and propose a measures designed to protect and advance democracy, as well as reverse the anti-democratic measures of recent years.

I have drawn up what I call the People's Charter for the USA. It derives its name from the democratic program drawn up in the UK in the 1830s. It had six points or demands. Five became law. My charter is longer but I believe American citizens should demand all of them.  

• 1.       Abolish the Electoral College, a thoroughly anti-democratic institution. People in other countries find the Electoral College bewildering and idiotic. Because it is.
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• 2.       Prohibit gerrymandering. Create an independent, non-partisan commission to draw up boundaries of congressional constituencies. This is done in other democratic countries.
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• 3.       Overturn the Citizens United decision of SCOTUS. It is responsible for hugely increasing the influence of big money in elections. Nothing like this exists in other democracies.
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• 4.       Prohibit political ads. They are virtually useless as information, misleading or untrue, insulting, and damned annoying. Prohibited in most democratic countries.
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• 5.       Introduce proportional representation or ranked voting to end the stranglehold of the corrupt two-party system. Some people will argue that this would make efficient government impossible. Ask yourself, is what we have now efficient? 
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• 6.     Make the Senate representative of the country. It gives the less populated states as a group more power than the highly populated states. California with 40 million people and Wyoming with only half a million have the same number of senators. This is grossly undemocratic.
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• 7.       Make voting simple, safe, and convenient. Voting is an obligation. It should not be a survival test, torture, or a danger. Eliminate voter suppression of all kinds. Other democratic countries do not try to limit the number of people who vote. They encourage voting. 
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• 8.      Fund public education adequately and fairly. Public college and university education should be free or cheap, as it was when I went to college and university in the late 60s and early 70s. Why are we short-changing our children and dumbing down our voters? 
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• 9.      Establish a national, affordable health care plan that covers everyone. The present for profit system is a disgrace and an international laughingstock. The system costs the US twice as much as in other developed nations, and the results are worse in terms of mortality and morbidity. Scores of millions are uncovered or inadequately covered. Health insurance must be affordable, universal, and disconnected from employment. The present system turns many workers into virtual serfs tied to their jobs.
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• 10.       Require the payment of a living (not minimum) wage for all adult workers. Why should workers have to have two or even three jobs to make ends meet?
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• 11.     Reduce the period between the election of the president and the inauguration to two or three weeks, preferably less. This would have minimized Trump's ability to create havoc after the "stolen election" of 2020. In the UK and many other countries, a new administration generally takes over immediately after the election. This can be done because the parties have already selected the members of the cabinet and other ministers.
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• 12.     Reform the judiciary. Judges should be selected by professional bodies, not by presidents and Congress. This includes the Supreme Court, whose bias towards Trump is flagrant and dangerous. Justices of the SCOTUS and all judges should serve fixed terms, not for life. They should operate according to a code of ethics established by an independent board of legal and political scholars. 

Effective, fair federal gun control is imperative. I did not include it under these reforms but it would follow if they were implemented. Not possible? Check out other democratic, developed countries. 

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The US Constitution: A More Perfect Union?

"The Constitution in Danger!" is a cry we hear constantly now. The illegitimate fascist Trump regime violates the document on a daily basis. What is too often overlooked in the analysis of what is happening is the fact that the constitution itself contains weaknesses and loopholes that allowed a traitorous felon like Trump to become POTUS and act with utter disregard for the law. 

I grew up learning that the "Founding Fathers" were supremely wise; that they drew up a "more perfect" constitution for the new United States. Leaving aside the problem of the phrase "more perfect," how perfect was it? The rise of Trump exposed major imperfections. 

We should remember that the delegates to the Constitutional Convention were white men, mostly wealthy white men, many of whom owned other human beings, and that they created a constitution that reflected their time and interests. 

For too long people believed, or said, that the constitution would protect the US against such an outcome. Separation of powers, the courts, Congress -- all have failed to do what they were designed to do, prevent rule by an illegitimate and lawless president and administration. 

The 14th amendment of the 1860s should have prevented Trump from even running for president, for inciting the January 6 insurrection. Many people believed it would. I thought it might. Again, it proved useless because the courts and congress failed to act.

We can blame greed, corruption, bigotry, stupidity, treachery or fear, for the present mess, but those are things the constitution is supposed to guard against: human failings. But the constitution is a document. It relies on humans to uphold it. 

If the voters elect severely flawed officials, who appoint other severely flawed officials, the constitution will not be the protector of rights it is alleged to be. That is exactly where we are. 

"We can impeach the president!" many people cry. Impeachment has been tried twice in Trump's case, and failed both times. He is the first president to be impeached twice. No president has ever been removed through impeachment, only by the undertaker, resignation (Nixon)  or the end of their term. 

The constitution provides for impeachment in Article 2, Section 4. It can also be used to remove the vice-president, cabinet, and all high ranking civil officers as well, for treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanours. 

That sounds great, but Article 4, Section 2 requires impeachment by the House of Representatives and conviction by the Senate. The first is extremely hard to get, the second virtually impossible, especially if the president's party controls Congress or is even close to a majority. If an attempt to use impeachment to remove the Felonious Trump failed twice, what are the chances of impeaching and convicting the whole festering administration? The process could take years, and fail, s it almost always does.

The more recent 25th Amendment (1967) supposedly added another layer of protection against a crazy or incapacitated POTUS. But it relies on the Vice President and cabinet to implement it. Good luck with that. Even if by some miracle that bunch of criminal loonies did act, it would give us President Vance, which would not be an advance at all.

One of the goals of the constitution was to cement the union of the former colonies, now states. The new constitution was an improvement in that sense on the country's first constitution, the Articles of Confederation, drawn up during the War for Independence. 

The Articles gave the states too much power and the central government too little. But the improvements made by the new constitution didn't prevent the secession of eleven "Confederate States" in 1860-1861, leading to a bloody civil war.

The main reason for that tragedy was the failure of the Founding Fathers to solve the problem of slavery. Many of them were disturbed by the existence of slavery in a country that famously proclaimed human equality and liberty in its Declaration of Independence. But nearly half of the delegates "owned" human beings. They included George Washington and James Madison, who wrote the first drafts of the Constitution. 

The delegates, including anti-slavery delegates, nevertheless voted for the flawed document. Their failure to deal with the slave issue in 1787 reminds me of St. Augustine's oft-quoted prayer, "Lord, make me chaste, but not yet."

The framers did agree to end the African slave trade, but not until 1807. The horrors of the Middle Passage continued legally for twenty more years, and to some extent illegally afterwards. A fugitive "labor" clause required that the enslaved who escaped to another state must be returned their "rightful owners." 

The words "slave" and "slavery" were not used in the Constitution. The framers avoided them, believing that they would sully the document. What was there was sullying enough. 

The infamous 3/5ths clause allowed states to count the enslaved as 3/5ths of a person for purposes of representation, a concession that gave the southern states more representation in the House of Representatives and the Electoral College than they should have had if only whites were enumerated. Thus the legitimacy of slavery was enshrined into the Constitution and the spread of slavery into new states became a contentious issue until it ended in civil war.

Democracy was another thorny issue the makers of the Constitution had to confront. Contrary to claims that the Founding Fathers favored democracy, they tried to prevent it. Democracy, they believed, led to chaos, tyranny, and expropriation of the wealthy (people like themselves). 

The Constitution they designed contained several sections designed to minimize popular influence in politics. It provided that Senators be elected by state legislatures, and that presidents be elected by an "Electoral College" chosen by the same bodies. Voters chose the members of the House of Representatives, but who were the voters? 

All of the states placed various restrictions on voting such as poll taxes or literacy tests. Women were excluded from voting until 1919. The enslaved could technically vote after 1865, but after Reconstruction ended in 1877, they were generally prevented from exercising their voting rights for nearly a century, especially in Southern states.   

Many of the original anti-democratic provisions of 1787 have been reversed by amendments to the Constitution. But not entirely. All eligible voters can now vote for president. But it is not the popular vote that decides the winner. It's the undemocratic Electoral College of 1787. Twice in this young century the winner of the popular vote has failed to win the presidency.  

Senators are now elected by popular vote. But the Senate remains a fundamentally undemocratic body. The Constitution provided that each state could elect two senators. That was a concession to the smaller states, who feared being dominated by the larger ones if the Senate was based on population, as the House of Representatives was. Thus, we have the absurdity that Wyoming with a little over 500,000 people, and California with 40 million, both elect two senators.  

The House of Representatives is theoretically democratic, but the distribution of House seats is often skewed undemocratically by gerrymandering the borders of electoral districts. This is done by the parties who control the state legislatures. Republican attempts to purge certain voters from the voting rolls make things even worse. 

The opposition to the Trump presidency stresses its commitment to "Save Democracy." I fully support that. But we should acknowledge that we are working with an imperfect constitution, and its imperfections have paved the way for an aspiring fascist dictatorship. We should be calling for a movement to "Create a Real Democracy."  

In 1787 a member of the public allegedly asked delegate Ben Franklin what the framers had created. "A republic, if you can keep it," Franklin replied. Notably, Franklin did not say a "democracy." Today, we should be saying that our goal is "A democracy, if we can make it."

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Don't Just Dump Trump & His Gang: Reform the System that Made This Obscenity Possible

We must remove Trump from power. That is obvious. But that will not be enough to preserve America's Democracy. Unless the USA carries out major reforms of its political system, the danger from anti-democratic forces will remain high. 

WHY? Democracy in the US is not firmly rooted, and never has been. Trump has built on anti-democratic policies and machinations dating back decades or more, some to the very beginnings of the USA. Many of them exist at the state rather than federal level. A root and branch strategy is needed to eliminate these dangers. 

Many people will say the changes I suggest are impossible. And it will be a huge struggle to achieve any of them. But many people said that all men, and later all women, could never get the vote. Many people said slavery could never be eliminated. 

Britain was the greatest slave trading nation in history, but after grass roots campaigns, Parliament abolished slavery in the British colonies in 1833. The US required a bloody civil war in the 1860s to accomplish emancipation. The dust has never settled on that conflict or the racism that continues to motivate a large part of the population.  

I would like to see the people of the US engage in something like the Chartist Movement which emerged in Britain in the 1830s and 1840s. It took its name from "The People's Charter." 

Its aim was to establish a working democracy. Of its six demands, five became law by the early 20th century. The sixth, for annual elections to Parliament, is unlikely to ever be achieved because of its impracticality. Politics is constant enough.  

The Chartists did not include women in their vision of democracy but that demand surfaced almost immediately, and women got the vote in two stages, in 1918 and 1928. 

I have drawn up a badly needed People's Charter for the USA. Instead of six points it has twelve: 

• 1.       Abolish the Electoral College, an anti-democratic institution that has empowered American reactionaries since 1789. Replace it with the National Popular Vote. People in other countries find the Electoral College bewildering and idiotic, because it is.
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• 2.       Prohibit gerrymandering. Create an independent, non-partisan commission to draw up boundaries of congressional constituencies. This is done in other countries.
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• 3.       Overturn the obscene Citizens United decision of SCOTUS. It is responsible for hugely increasing the influence of big money in elections. Nothing like this exists in other democracies.
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• 4.       Prohibit political ads. They are virtually useless as information, misleading, insulting, and damned annoying. Prohibited in most democratic countries.
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• 5.       Introduce proportional representation or ranked voting to end the stranglehold of the corrupt two-party system. Some people will argue that this would make efficient government impossible. Ask yourself, is what have now efficient? 
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• 6.     Make the Senate representative of the country. It gives the less populated states collectively far more power than the most populated. California with 40 million people and Wyoming with only half a million have the same number of senators. This is both absurd and grossly undemocratic.
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• 7.       Make voting simple, safe, and convenient. Voting is an obligation. It should not be a survival test, torture, or a danger. Eliminate voter suppression of all kinds. Other countries do not do things this perverse way.
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• 8.      Fund public education adequately and fairly. Public college and university education should be free or cheap, as it was when I went to state universities in the late 60s and early 70s. Why are we short-changing our children and dumbing down our voters? You know why.
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• 9.      Establish a national, affordable health care plan that covers everyone. The present for profit system is a disgrace and an international laughingstock. The system costs the US twice as much as in other developed nations, and the results are worse in terms of mortality and morbidity. Scores of millions are uncovered or inadequately covered. Health insurance must be universal and separated from employment, which turns workers into virtual serfs.
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• 10.       Require the payment of a living (not minimum) wage for all adult workers. This should vary according to local living costs. It costs a lot more to live in California than in North Dakota. Why should workers have to have two or even three jobs to make ends meet?
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• 11.     Reduce the period between the election of the president and the inauguration to two or three weeks, preferably less. This would have minimized Trump's ability to create havoc after the "stolen election" of 2020. In the UK and many countries, a new government generally takes over immediately after the election. This can be done because the parties have already selected the members of the cabinet and other ministers. In the US the cabinet is not selected until after the election, and often contains unpleasant surprises. 
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• 12.     Reform the judiciary. Judges should be selected by professional bodies, not by presidents and Congress. This includes the Supreme Court, whose bias towards Trump is flagrant and dangerous. Justices of the SCOTUS and all judges should serve fixed terms, not for life. Ten years max. They should operate according to a code of ethics established by an independent board of legal and political scholars. The number of justices, currently nine, should be fixed in law at nine, or another number. They should not be the president's lapdogs.

Effective, fair gun control is imperative. Click on link to read what I have written on that. I did not include it under these reforms but it would follow if these other policies are implemented. 

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American Exceptionalism Revisited

I originally wrote this piece a while back, while still under the illusion that the USA retained SOME potential as a force for good. Trump's reelection and the MUSK dictatorship have torn away the veil of that illusion for the time being, maybe forever. 

American Exceptionalism holds that the USA is fundamentally different from other countries, usually with the implication that it is also superior. The idea stems from the belief that through its revolution, America broke free from the chains and constraints of the “Old World.”  

The new country had a duty, a mission, to spread the benefits of its institutions to the rest of humanity, benefits like individual freedom, republicanism, democracy, equality before the law, a free market economy, and religious freedom.

None of these ideas or institutions originated in the United States. All can be traced to earlier history, from the Greco-Roman world and European history from the Middle Ages to the eighteenth century Enlightenment. 

The Patriots appealed to “Anglo-Saxon Liberty,” Magna Carta (1215), the English Revolutions and British philosophy, to justify claims to individual freedom and legal equality. In the Declaration of Independence, Jefferson drew heavily on the ideas of English philosopher John Locke (1632-1704). The Scottish Declaration of Arbroath (1320) and The Irish Remonstrance (1317) contain similar arguments. 

There was nothing new about a republic. The Founding Fathers were influenced by the Roman Republic, founded five centuries before Christ. The Netherlands, Venice, Genoa, and the Swiss Confederation were or had been republics for hundreds of years by 1776. Even Britain had been a republic as well, though for only eleven years (1649-1660).

The US was not a democracy in its origins, and in some respects it still is not. The makers of the Constitution were generally opposed to democracy, which they equated with mob rule. They created the Electoral College to ensure that presidents were not elected by the popular vote.* Their distrust of democracy also partly explains why the Senate is a thoroughly undemocratic body, with two Senators from every state, regardless of population. State legislatures, not the voters, elected senators until 1913. 

Voting was restricted to white males before the Civil War, and some states enforced literacy tests and poll taxes. Women did not get the right to vote or hold public office until 1919, except in a couple of western states. After the end of slavery, many states denied blacks of civil rights, including voting rights.

As for free market economics, Scottish philosopher Adam Smith published the founding text in 1776, The Wealth of Nations. His concern, however, was with the good of consumers (everybody) not employers and traders, who he viewed as a conniving, dishonest bunch in general.  

Smith was more sympathetic to workers. He recognized that they were in a weak bargaining position vis a vis the merchants and employers. Not surprisingly, today's capitalists seldom dwell on that part of Smith’s work. Nor do they tend to highlight his robust condemnation of monopolies and government subsidies to companies, AKA socialism for the wealthy. 

Much is made of "pilgrims" coming to America to enjoy freedom of worship. Some colonists came for that reason, but once they got their freedom, they denied it to others, as Roger Williams and the Quakers found out. 

The idea of religious freedom in the West arose out of the deadly Wars of Religion that followed the Protestant Reformation. The Dutch introduced religious toleration in the late 16^th century, the British by the late 17th. Enlightenment thinkers in Europe advocated complete freedom of religious belief. People in America were part of that discussion. They did not invent it.

The view that the USA is morally superior to other nations is belied by its history of slavery and segregation, horrific treatment of Native Americans, and discrimination against immigrants of “inferior races," including the Irish, Asians, Jews, Southern and Eastern Europeans, and Hispanics.

Historically, the US has been all too exceptional in its insistence on other countries obeying international laws and moral standards while failing to observe them itself. It can't even obey or execute its own laws, as witnessed by the re-election of Donald Trump after inciting an insurrection on January 6, 2021 and being convicted of numerous crimes. 

The first month of Trump's, or Elon Musk's, administration reveals that the USA is not protected by a so-called perfect constitution. The cover is lifted off, the veil of illusion gone. 

The Great Experiment in liberty seems destined to end  in a fascist dictatorship, unless Americans rouse themselves from their lethargy and stop the current trajectory. There is still great value in the opening words of the Declaration of Independence. 

The USA is quite exceptional in other ways. It is one of the most violent countries on earth. The most coveted right in American culture is the right to possess firearms of the most potent type. With millions of people armed to the teeth with semi-automatic weapons, it is hardly surprising that mass shootings are an almost everyday occurrence. 

The USA is the only developed nation without a system of universal health care. Countries with considerably less wealth have some kind of system that covers the entire population. Not surprisingly, the USA also leads the world in medical bankruptcies. 

*Some Southern slaveholders argued that white male democracy was possible, but only with a large population of slaves to do most of the physical work, freeing the white elite to handle governance. 

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